TİCARET HUKUKU – Tarlan-Baksı Avukatlık Bürosu Bloğu

21 Mar 202314 Mar 2023

POSTPONEMENT OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY MEETINGS IN JOINT STOCK COMPANIES

According to Turkish Commercial Code (“Code”) joint stock companies must convene the annual general assembly meetings at least once in a year. In these meetings the resolutions about financial statements, activity reports, election and release of board members, dividend distribution and other related issues are taken. Although the general assembly meetings must be held within 3 months after the fiscal year ends, the Code and the Regulation on the Procedures and Principles of General Assembly Meetings of Joint Stock Companies and Representatives of the Ministry of Customs and Trade to be Present at These Meetings (“Regulation”) regulate specific conditions in which the general assembly meetings may be postponed. In this article, we would like to mention about these conditions.

1-Request of The Minority Shareholders

According to the article 420 of the Code, Minority shareholders can request postponement of discussion of financial statements and affiliated issues. The “Minority” means the shareholders who holds 10% of the capital in joint stock companies and 5% of the capital in public joint stock companies. With the request of the Minority, general assembly meeting is postponed for a month with a decision of the meeting chairman without needing a general assembly decision.

If, no response has been given in accordance with the principles of honest accountability by the relevant parties, regarding the points of the financial statements that are objected to and recorded in the minutes, the Minority may request to postpone the discussion of the financial statements again. In this case, the meeting shall be postponed to one month later, once again.

2- Failure to Provide or Loss of the Meeting Quorum

The Regulation stipulates specific quorum for some resolutions such as transferring the headquarter of the company to abroad, reduction of capital, liquidation of the company, amendment on the field of operation. The specific quorum must be preserved during the meeting. If this quorum is not provided in the first meeting, the same quorum must be provided in the second meeting to be held.

Article 28/1 of the Regulation specifies that if the minimum meeting quorum regulated in the Code and the articles of association of the company cannot be met before the beginning of the general assembly meeting, the meeting shall be postponed. In addition, although the minimum meeting quorum has been reached before the meeting commences, if the decision quorum calculated per the list of attendees is not represented during the meeting, the meeting shall be postponed.

3- Failure to Provide Electronic General Assembly System

The article 1527 of the Code, enables general assemblies to be held in electronic environment. In order to be able to hold meetings in electronic environment, there must be an article in the articles of association of the company. If it is determined that the conditions stipulated under the Regulation on the General Assembly Meetings in the Electronic Environment in Joint Stock Companies are not met at the general assembly meeting, the meeting may be postponed by taking the Ministry representatives’ opinion. At the general assemblies of the joint stock companies which implement the electronic system for participation, there must be a representative from the Ministry of Trade.

4- Due to Security Reasons

The regulation stipulates that if it is determined that the general assembly cannot be hold due to security reasons, meeting can be postponed by obtaining the opinion of the law enforcement officers and the representative of the Ministry.

5- By the Decision of the General Assembly

According to the Article 28 of the Regulation, general assembly meeting can be postponed with the resolution of the general assembly without having any reason. This resolution must be taken before discussion of the agenda commences.

Lastly, we would like to state that the second or postponed meeting shall be deemed as continuation of the first meeting. Therefore, the agenda of the second meeting should be same with the previous one. The general assembly shall be called for the second meeting based on the call procedures stipulated in the law and/or in the articles of association. If the meeting is postponed due to the request of the Minority, the postponement decision shall be published in the Turkish Trade Registry Gazette and announced on the website no later than five days from the decision.

Av. Dilara KARTALOĞLU KILIÇ

TARLAN-BAKSI AVUKATLIK BÜROSU

AV. AYLİN TARLAN- AV. DERYA BAKSI

17 Jan 202317 Jan 2023

THE COMPARISON OF JOINT STOCK AND LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES IN TÜRKİYE

In Turkish law, although there are many types of companies, the most familiar ones are joint stock and limited liability companies. Numerous Turkish and foreign business people are in need of learning about the characteristics of these companies, the differences between them, and their advantages and disadvantages compared to the business they will do before establishing a company or investing in a company. Due to the nature of each business, of course, a detailed analysis cannot be made in the legal frame without examining the business and the desired partnership structure, but we would like to point out a few basis differences between these companies in 10 points that are at least be guiding.

3 Nov 2022

ÇEK NASIL İPTAL EDİLİR?

Çek günümüzde sıklıkla kullanılan ödeme araçlarından biridir. Borcunu bu araçla ödemek isteyen kimse, alacaklısı olduğu kişiye borcun ödenmesi için kanunen şartları ve formatı belirlenmiş bir belge düzenler, bu belgeye kıymetli evrak denilmektedir. Alacaklı olan yani kendisine çekin teslim edildiği kişi ise bu belgeyi vadesi geldiğinde bankaya teslim ederek alacağına kavuşabileceği gibi çeki kendi alacaklılarına teslim edip çeki bir ödeme aracı olarak kullanmaya devam da edebilir. Bu sirkülasyonun devam edebilmesi için kanun koyucu çekin iptal edilmesi koşullarını oldukça sıkı şartlara bağlamıştır. Çünkü çek düzenlendikten sonra herhangi bir müdahale olmaksızın ödeme yöntemi olarak görevini yerine getirebilmelidir. Ancak çekin bazen kaybolması ya da kötü niyetli üçüncü kişilerin eline geçmesi halinde iptal edilebilirliğini kabul etmek de hukukun güvenilir bir ticari hayatın devamına katkı sağlaması için gereklidir.

13 Oct 2022

UNFAIR COMPETITION AND LAWSUITS THAT MAY BE FILED

Turkish Commercial Code (“Code”) has introduced some regulations regarding unfair competition with the aim of to protect the interests of all participants and to provide an undistorted and honest competition environment. The Code defines that the misleading acts and commercial practices to affect the relations between competitors or between suppliers and customers or contrary to good faith are unfair and illegal. In this article, we would like to mention about unfair competition conditions and lawsuits that may be filed.

26 Apr 20222 Jun 2022

THINGS TO DO IN JOINT STOCK AND LIMITED COMPANIES AFTER THE FISCAL YEAR ENDS

Turkish Commercial Code (“Code”) regulates some obligations for joint stock companies and limited companies that need to be fulfilled after the fiscal year is over. In addition, the Code regulates sanctions for some of those obligations if they are not fulfilled in due time. In this article, we would like to point out the important obligations of joint stock and limited companies after the financial year ends.

12 Apr 2022

KOLAYLAŞTIRILMIŞ USULDE BİRLEŞME

Birleşme, birden fazla şirketin malvarlıklarını birleştirerek yeni bir şirket oluşturması ya da birleşmeye katılan şirketlerden birinin bünyesinde faaliyetine devam etmeleri olarak kısaca tanımlanabilir. Birleşmede en az birleşmeye katılan şirketlerden birinin hukuki kişiliği sona erecektir. Şirketler, rekabeti azaltmak, çeşitli alanlardaki sektörel güçlerini birleştirmek, marka değerinden faydalanmak, şirketlerindeki kar-zarar oranını dengelemek gibi çeşitli sebeplerle birleşmeye karar verebilirler. Bu sebepler çeşitlilik gösterse de şirketler bu süreci hukuki anlamda en kolay şekilde gerçekleştirmek isterler. Türk Ticaret Kanunu da (“Kanun”) belirli şartların varlığı halinde şirketlerin birleşmesinde bazı usullerin atlanarak ilerlenebileceğini öngörmüştür.

31 Mar 2022

ANONİM ŞİRKETLERDE PAY SAHİBİNİN KÂR PAYI HAKKI

Anonim şirketlerde pay sahiplerinin en önemli mali hakkı şüphesiz kâr payı alma hakkıdır. Pay sahibinin kâr payı hakkı vazgeçilemez ve bertaraf edilemez niteliktedir. Halka kapalı anonim ortaklıklarda kâr payının esasları 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nda (“TTK”) düzenlenmekteyken, halka açık anonim ortaklıklar için hem TTK’da hem de Sermaye Piyasası Kanunu’nda düzenlemeler mevcuttur. Bu yazımızda TTK çerçevesinde anonim şirket pay sahiplerinin kâr payı alma hakkından bahsedilecektir.

22 Mar 2022

ŞİRKETLERİN İNTERNET SİTESİ AÇMA ZORUNLULUĞU

6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu (“Kanun”) uyarınca ve yine bu kapsamda düzenlenen Sermaye Şirketlerinin Açacağı İnternet Sitelerine Dair Yönetmelik (“Yönetmelik”) uyarınca, bazı şirketlere internet sitesi açma zorunluluğu getirilmiştir. Bu yazımızda bu düzenlemenin hangi şirketleri kapsadığına, Yönetmelik ile belirlenen usul ve esaslara kısaca değinmeye çalışacağız.